Methods of Nonviolence

Formal statements

• Public Speeches
• Letters of Opposition or Support
• Declarations
• Group or mass petitions

Communicating with a Wider Audience

• Banners, posters, and displayed communications
• Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
• Media

Group Presentations

• Mock awards and elections
• Group lobbying
• Picketing
• Vigils

Symbolic Public Acts

• Wearing of symbols
• Prayer and worship
• Symbolic reclamations

Drama and Music

• Performances of plays and music
• Singing

Processions

• Marches and parades
• Religious processions
• Pilgrimages

Honoring the Dead

• Political mourning
• Demonstrative funerals
• Homage at burial places

Withdrawal and Renunciation

• Walk-outs
• Silence
• Renouncing honors
• Turning one's back

Methods of Social Noncooperation

• Student strike
• Social disobedience
• Withdrawal from social institutions
• "Flight" of workers
• Collective disappearance

Methods of Economic Noncooperation/Intervention

• Boycott
• Refusal to let or sell property
• Lockout
• Refusal of industrial assistance
• Embargo
• Strike
• Preclusive purchasing
• Supporting alternative markets

Methods of Political Noncooperation

Rejecting of Authority

• Withdrawal or withholding of allegiance
• Refusal of public support
• Literature and speeches advocating resistance

Citizen Noncooperation with Government

• Boycott of government supported institutions and elections
• Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
• Refusal to accept appointed officials

Citizen Alternatives to Obedience

• Reluctant and slow compliance
• Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
• Popular nonobedience

Methods of Nonviolent Intervention

Psychological Intervention

• Fast / Hunger Strike

Physical Intervention

• Sit-in
• Mock "die"-in
• Nonviolent occupation

Original list published by the Albert Einstein Institute. A description and historical examples of each of these methods, and more, can be found in volume two of the "Politics of Nonviolent Action," by Gene Sharpe.

Glynnise